{"id":3718,"date":"2022-10-30T17:01:08","date_gmt":"2022-10-30T16:01:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/?p=3718"},"modified":"2023-02-02T22:21:33","modified_gmt":"2023-02-02T21:21:33","slug":"performance-for-grown-ups","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2022\/10\/30\/performance-for-grown-ups\/","title":{"rendered":"Performance for Grown-Ups"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"260\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/1835553816-growing-up-quotes-for-teenagers-i1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3733\"\/><figcaption>Picture by Teresa Haynes<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4><strong>The relationship between maturity and gratification<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>How is our maturity related to our motivation (i.e. the intent of our choices)? How is our motivation related to gratification (i.e. rewards)? And what does all of that have to do with not only our personal lives, but also with a healthy work environment?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>From <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2022\/10\/25\/the-science-of-human-behaviour-decision-making-episode-2-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">this recent article<\/a>, we learned that performance measures inspire us to game the target. We find ways to take shortcuts to success. Hence, performance indicators do not usually lead to loyalty to the cause or the organisation, but foster <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/better-advice\/5-signs-you-are-an-insecure-overachiever-3dde1522512f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">insecure overachievers<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Performance measures promise external rewards, such as a job promotion or a financial bonus, and therefore motivate us in the shape of <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2022\/08\/30\/science-motivation-episode-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">external regulation<\/a> (a form of <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2022\/08\/30\/science-motivation-episode-1\/#Definition_Autonomous-Controlled-Motivation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">controlled motivation<\/a>). <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2022\/09\/19\/science-motivation-episode-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Research<\/a> shows, however, that work environments which tap into people\u2019s autonomous motivation foster the employee\u2019s loyalty, their well-being and their performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Autonomous motivation arises when people\u2019s values and beliefs are aligned, and they have the ability to express themselves through their actions, with authority and responsibility for self-determination. Once people are [autonomously] motivated, working towards a purpose and taking responsibility is no longer an issue.<\/p><cite>\u2013 &#8220;Reinventing Organisatzions&#8221; by Frederic Laloux [1]<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>For a quick recap, autonomous motivation is comprised of identified regulation and intrinsic motivation. While the former is doing something because it\u2019s the right thing to do, the latter refers to doing something out of pure curiosity or fun. Most of the popular literature on <a href=\"https:\/\/talentor.com\/blog\/new-work#:~:text=%E2%80%9CNew%20work%E2%80%9D%20is%20an%20umbrella,characterised%20by%20digitalisation%20and%20globalisation.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">New Work<\/a>, such as \u201cReinventing Organizations\u201d<sup>[1]<\/sup>, conflate intrinsic motivation with autonomous motivation. However, as we will discover, this distinction is very important because intrinsic motivation and identified regulation basically lie on opposite sides of the of the maturity spectrum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6><strong><u><strong><u>Motivation and Maturity<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>With the help of Mark Manson\u2019s beautiful article on &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/markmanson.net\/how-to-grow-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How to Grow the Fuck Up<\/a>&#8220;<sup>[2]<\/sup> I relate the <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2022\/08\/30\/science-motivation-episode-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">five types of motivation<\/a> to maturity in this section.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From childhood onwards, we learn to make value judgements of what feels good (e.g. eating ice-cream) and what feels bad (e.g. touching a hotplate). As a child, by following our innocent curiosity to explore the world, we develop a hierarchy of preferences of pleasure and pain. We are fully in <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2018\/06\/18\/being-versus-doing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>being<\/em> <em>mode<\/em><\/a> and go solely after our intrinsic motivation to do what feels good right now and not do what feels bad right now. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Intrinsic-Motivation-1024x843.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3730\" width=\"488\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Intrinsic-Motivation-1024x843.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Intrinsic-Motivation-300x247.jpg 300w, https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Intrinsic-Motivation-768x633.jpg 768w, https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Intrinsic-Motivation.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 488px) 100vw, 488px\" \/><figcaption>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/theawkwardyeti.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Awkward Yeti<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>As we grow older, we learn that the consequences of eating the whole bucket of ice-cream (mom shouting at us) may not be worth the short-term pleasure. We learn that there are rules in this world, we learn about cause and effect. Actions have consequences. We substitute our curiosity of exploring with <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2022\/09\/26\/science-decision-making-episode-1-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rules &amp; principles<\/a> that \u201chelp us navigate the endless complexity of the world before us\u201d<sup>[2]<\/sup>. These rules depend on our socialisation, mainly stemming from our parents and teachers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hence, the adolescent brain <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2022\/09\/28\/science-decision-making-episode-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">bases decisions<\/a> not only on what feels good and bad immediately (intrinsic motivation), but also on what consequences this action will have. Any consideration of consequences, other than immediate pleasure, is related to extrinsic motivation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>As a recap: extrinsic motivation comprises of external regulation (expecting a reward\/ avoiding punishment), introjected regulation (avoiding guilt\/shame or expecting to feel pride\/ get approval) and identified regulation. The latter \u2013 together with intrinsic motivation \u2013 aggregates to autonomous motivation (as mentioned above). The former two aggregate to controlled motivation.<\/p><cite>\u2013 Recap: 5 forms of motivation and their aggregates<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>As an adolescent we therefore learn to negotiate our own desires with the desires of those around us and that if we play by the rules (<a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2022\/09\/26\/science-decision-making-episode-1-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">compliant behaviour<\/a>) we will likely be rewarded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u201c[\u2026] developing <em>higher-level<\/em> and more <em>abstract<\/em> principles to enhance decision making in a wider range of contexts\u201d is \u201cmaturity in action\u201d.<\/p><cite>\u2013 Mark Manson<sup>[2]<\/sup> on the stage of adolescence <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>While this is an improvement in decision making as compared to the impulsive child who only goes after immediate pleasure, there is a weakness in the adolescent approach to life. The adolescent brain only knows intrinsic motivation and calculated trade-off. The adolescent makes decisions based on whether the immediate pleasure is worth the consequence or whether some other action would bring more pleasure\/ less pain in the longer term. The <em>being mode<\/em> is largely replaced by <em>doing mode<\/em> and most actions are performed <em>in order to<\/em> get or avoid something.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In today\u2019s society we are usually stuck on this maturity level for the most part of our daily lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u201cWhile people who navigate the world through bargaining and rules can get far in the material world, they remain crippled and alone in their emotional world. This is because transactional values create toxic relationships \u2014 relationships that are built on manipulation. [\u2026] This is because, when you view all relationships and actions as a means to an end, you will suspect an ulterior motive in everything that happens and everything anyone ever does to you.\u201d <\/p><cite>\u2013 Mark Manson<sup>[2]<\/sup> on being stuck on adolescent maturity level<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>By contrast, adulthood \u2013 hereafter, in terms of maturity not age \u2013 brings identified regulation into the game of decision making. As we mature, we develop another hierarchy of values \u2013 one of what is right and what is wrong. As an adult, we realise that an abstract principle, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2018\/05\/22\/say-what-is\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">telling the truth<\/a>, is right for its own sake. Identified regulation becomes part of our motivation spectrum. In many cases, it will therefore feel better to adhere to the (ugly) truth than to make up a pretty lie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u201cThe adult does what is right for the simple reason that it is right.\u201d<\/p><cite>\u2013 Mark Manson<sup>[2]<\/sup> on the capability of an adult to act out of identified regulation<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Identified motivation doesn\u2019t mean of course, that doing something for the sake of it being the right thing to do doesn\u2019t get us something out of it. We always choose the action option with the <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2022\/09\/28\/science-decision-making-episode-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">highest utility<\/a> for us, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2022\/09\/23\/science-decision-making-episode-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rational choice theory<\/a>. Therefore, acting based on identified regulation means that we choose the right cause to have more value for us than a pleasurable consequences from the wrong or an alternative cause. The activity <em>in itself<\/em> has value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The same, of course, is true for intrinsic motivation, so what\u2019s the difference? When we do something for its own sake, which gives us immediate pleasure, we do it out of intrinsic motivation. When we do something for its own sake, because it feels like it\u2019s the right thing to do, we do it out of identified motivation. In both cases, we are true to ourselves (which doesn\u2019t, however, mean that impulsive instant gratification is necessarily the most constructive thing we can do).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As an adult we may also consciously choose for the external reward (external regulation) or bargaining for validation (introjected regulation) and when we do so <strong><em>consciously<\/em><\/strong>, we are also true to ourselves. Often, however, we <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2022\/10\/19\/ambiguity-tolerance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rationalise<\/a> our actions, which means that we claim we do something out of the more noble identified resgulation than for the sake of the expected reward. In this case, we are fooling ourselves and others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u201cThe truth is, it\u2019s hard to detect what level our values are on. This is because we tell ourselves all sorts of elaborate stories to justify what we want.\u201d<br><em><font size=\"2\" color=\"#008080\">\u2013 Mark Manson<sup>[2]<\/sup> on rationalisation<\/font><\/em><\/p><p>\u201cThere\u2019s a difference between telling someone you\u2019re interested in them because that\u2019s what you think they want to hear, and simply telling someone you\u2019re interested in them because you\u2019re freely expressing yourself. The latter is honesty, the former is manipulation.\u201d<br><em><font size=\"2\" color=\"#008080\">\u2013 Mark Manson<sup>[2]<\/sup> on the difference between controlled and autonomous motivation<\/font><\/em><\/p><p>\u201cAn adult will be honest for the simple sake that honesty is more important than pleasure or pain. Honesty is more important than getting what you want or achieving a goal. Honesty is inherently good and valuable, in and of itself. [\u2026] And to steal \u2014 even if they got away with it! \u2014 would make them feel worse about themselves. [\u2026] An adult will love freely without expecting anything in return because an adult understands that that is the only thing that can make love real.\u201d<br><em><font size=\"2\" color=\"#008080\">\u2013 Mark Manson<sup>[2]<\/sup> on the value of honesty<\/font><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>All our choices therefore come down to what we value* \u2013 they are a reflection of how we see the world and how we interprete the way it operates. Our maturity is not reflected by whether we choose pleasure or pain, but for what <em>reason<\/em> we make that choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u201cAdulthood occurs when one realizes that it\u2019s better to suffer for the right reasons than to feel pleasure for the wrong reasons.\u201d<\/p><cite>\u2013 Mark Manson<em><font size=\"2\" color=\"#008080\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/font><\/em> on maturity<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Suffering is an inherent part of life and done right it <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/DoingLoss_JuliaHEURITSCH.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">helps us to grow<\/a>. When I personally find myself having to make a difficult choice between doing something painful or avoiding this pain, I ask myself what is <em>constructive<\/em> to do. Thus, especially when it comes to difficult decisions, I don\u2019t distinguish between pleasure and pain, but between constructive (worth my energy\/ the cause) and unconstructive (not worth my energy\/ the cause).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In summary, as a child we only know intrinsic motivation \u2013 the impulsive indulge in immediate pleasure or immediate avoidance of pain. Then we learn that there are consequences of our actions other than the immediate effects and we start to anticipate them; we add external &amp; introjected regulation to our decision making spectrum. On the next maturity level, we are capable of making decisions, because we identify with the value of the activity itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>  <a id=\"Definition_Gratification\" class=\"mce-item-anchor\"><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u><strong><u><strong><u>Gratification<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, how is motivation related to gratification? Gratification is basically the perceived reward that we get out of an action. When we act out of intrinsic motivation, we receive <strong><em>instant gratification<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 the <em>immediate<\/em> pleasure by doing something we enjoy for the sake of it. When we act based on introjected regulation, we receive the gratification in terms of approval, for example. When we follow our external regulation we get gratification through obtaining some kind of reward. Both of the latter are cases of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Delayed_gratification\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">delayed gratification<\/a> \u2013 although of course the delay may be in some cases shorter (<em>short-term<\/em>) and in some longer (<em>long-term<\/em>). Last, but not least, when we act based on our identified regulation we find it gratifying to do the right thing, usually also instantly. All three latter forms of gratification come at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stlouisfed.org\/open-vault\/2020\/january\/real-life-examples-opportunity-cost#:~:text=%E2%80%9COpportunity%20cost%20is%20the%20value,Economics%3A%20Money%20and%20Missed%20Opportunities.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">opportunity cost<\/a> of the instant gratification by following our intrinsic motivation (unless we get rewarded for something we enjoy doing for the sake of it, which comes with problems by its own \u2013 <em>see overjustification effect below<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>  <a id=\"Definition_Discipline\" class=\"mce-item-anchor\"><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do you know the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stanford_marshmallow_experiment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">marshmallow test<\/a>? Briefly, in this scientific experiment, children were offered the choice between getting 1 marshmallow immediately or 2 marshmallows if they resist the temptation by waiting for a period of around 15 minutes. Choosing for the latter is, in essence, what discipline is all about:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Forgoing instant gratification for the benefit of the expected (usually larger) delayed gratification.<br><\/p><cite>\u2013 Definition of discipline<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>I personally love tricking myself into pulling through with something by promising myself a reward. I do that by strategically placing an activity that gives me joy after an activity that costs me pain\/ stress. That could be saving the special chocolate for after a run. Watching my favourite series after especially stressful days. Or finishing a difficult email right before lunch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Delayed gratification is basically our carrot dangling in front of our noses. To the benefit of disciplined people, already smelling the carrot (the mere expectation of the reward) releases dopamine, although that may not be to a sufficient level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As humans, we need the right mix of instant and delayed gratification to have a healthy level of dopamine (the gratification hormone). Together with the other \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/e\/dopamine-oxytocin-serotonin-endorphins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">happy hormones<\/a>\u201d, we need dopamine to feel cheerful and motivated. If we only go for delayed gratification, we get burned-out. If we only go for instant gratification, we are impulsive, have a high chance to develop an addiction and won\u2019t be able to pursue long-term goals.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Hierarchies_Maslow-Lyell.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3732\" width=\"558\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Hierarchies_Maslow-Lyell.png 490w, https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Hierarchies_Maslow-Lyell-300x199.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/dopamineproject.org\/2012\/08\/dopamine-awareness-and-self-actualization-rethinking-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Source<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong><u><strong><u><strong><u><strong><u>Sparking performance in healthy work<\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s come back to what\u2019s wrong with the current incentive structure at most of our work places and how we can do better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We have learnt that rewarding solely on the basis of performance measures, fosters insecure overachievers gaming the target (trust me, I once was one of them). Incentive structures may also come with yet another problem; when we are rewarded for something that we do based on intrinsic motivation (given we actually enjoy what we are doing in that moment), we may lose our intrinsic motivation over time and start doing the activity for the external reward. This phenomenon is called the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellmind.com\/what-is-the-overjustification-effect-2795386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">overjustification effect<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In any case, even if it was constructive to reward people for doing something based on intrinsic motivation the work environment can\u2019t always be fun and games and the goal is not to facilitate employees solely following their intrinsic motivation, impulsively like children, but rather responsible and <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2022\/09\/19\/science-motivation-episode-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">self-determined<\/a> adults. This is why it is so important to distinguish between intrinsic and identified motivation, although both make up autonomous motivation, which is positively related with employee performance and well-being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Healthy work environments foster and depend on people who resonate with the company\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/reinventingorganizationswiki.com\/en\/theory\/evolutionary-purpose\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">purpose<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/reinventingorganizationswiki.com\/en\/theory\/culture-and-values\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">culture<\/a>, so that their identified regulation is sparked. This is because, when one\u2019s values and beliefs are aligned with those of the company, one feels autonomously motivated to put one\u2019s heart and sweat into the cause. New Work companies encourage employees to express themselves through their actions and to speak up as they encounter issues or have innovative ideas. This also supports the employee\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org\/self-actualization.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">self-actualisation<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In New Work companies it isn\u2019t the boss who performs individual appraisals and promises incentives on that basis, but peers who give feedback to each other within the team. One isn\u2019t accountable to a boss, but to their peers with respect to one\u2019s commitments that were arranged together. If one is entrusted and <a href=\"https:\/\/icanbeme.space\/index.php\/2019\/04\/29\/taboos-vs-empowering-transparency\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">empowered<\/a> to determine what one is capable of doing and when, one is motivated to fulfill the commitment (identified regulation). <strong><em>Constructive peer pressure<\/em><\/strong>, therefore taps into identified and introjected regulation of team members, the latter through the peer-based feedback processes. When individual bonuses are replaced by shared profits within the team, one also has the outlook at an external reward, inspiring one\u2019s external regulation. Detaching incentives from the individual makes individualistic behaviour less attractive and takes the focus back on reaching a goal together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\u201cWorkplaces where we feel we can show up with all of who we are unleash unprecedented energy and creativity.\u201d<\/p><cite>\u2013 [1: p.189]<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<font face=\"verdana\" size=\"2\">\n<sup>*  I do not mean to say that there is an absolute right or wrong. Nor that there aren\u2019t \u201cbad\u201d rights or \u201cgood\u201d wrongs. When extremists find it right to kill people (including themselves) for their cause, we would surely not agree that the cause is a \u201cright\u201d reason to suffer. Extremists have, wat Mark Manson would call bad values. He distinguishes <a href=\"https:\/\/markmanson.net\/personal-values\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> between good and bad values <\/a> as such: Good values are evidence-based, constructive and controllable. Bad values are: emotion-based, destructive and uncontrollable.<\/sup> \n<\/font>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><em>References<\/em>\n[1] Laloux, F., (2014), \u201cReinventing organizations\u201d, Nelson Parker, 1st edition\n[2] Mark Manson, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/markmanson.net\/how-to-grow-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How to Grow the Fuck Up<\/a>\u201d, Blog Article<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Written by Julia Heuritsch | Last edited: 30th October 2022<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The relationship between maturity and gratification How is our maturity related to our motivation (i.e. the intent of our choices)? 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